PASSIVE
VOICE
A.
Definition
Passive Voice
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It
is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
v
Example:
My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my
bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.
B.
Formula
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in
passive voice, note the following:
v the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive
sentence.
v the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past
participle).
v the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive
sentence (or is dropped).
C.
Example of Passive
Ø Passive Sentences with Two Objects
Rewriting an active
sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects
becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform
into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.
|
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object 1
|
Object 2
|
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
wrote
|
a letter
|
to me.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
was written
|
to me
|
by Rita.
|
|
Passive:
|
I
|
was written
|
a letter
|
by Rita.
|
As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not
sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.
Ø Personal and Impersonal Passive
Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence
becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object
(transitive verb) can form a personal passive.
v
Example: They build houses. – Houses are
built.
Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages
(e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal
Passive is only possible
with verbs of perception (e. g. say,
think, know).
v
Example: They say that women live longer than
men. – It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal
Passive is more common.
v
Example: They say that women live longer than
men. – Women are said to live longer than men.
D.
Aktive – Passive
1.
Simple Present Tense
Aktive : We visit our grandmother every 2 weeks.
Passive : Our grandmother is visited by us every 2 weeks.
2.
Simple Past Tense
Aktive :
We watched fast furious 7 on the cinema yesterday.
Passive : Fast Furious 7 was watched by us yesterday.
3.
Present Continuous Tense
Aktive : He is reading a Magazine now.
Passive : The Magazine is being read by him now.
4.
Present Perfect Tense
Aktive : I have bought her a book just now.
Passive : She has been bought a book by me just now.
5.
Past Perfect Tense
Aktive : I had informed him the news before he went.
Passive : He had been informed the news by me before he
went.
6.
Past Perfect Continuous
Aktive : They were
playing the basket ball together at noon yesterday.
Passive : The ball basket was being played by them
together at noon yesterday.
7.
Past Future Tense
Aktive : We would buy a dictionary.
Passive : A dictionary would be bought by us.
8.
Simple Future Tense
Aktive : Sany is going to make a beatiful dinner tonight.
Passive : A beautiful dinner is going to be made by sany
tonight.
9.
Future Continuous Tense
Aktive : At 10.00 PM tonight, roy will be washing the
dishes.
Passive : At 10.00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being
washed by roy.
10.
Future Perfect Tense
Aktive : They are going to have completed the project
before the
deadline.
Passive : The project is going to have been completed
before deadline.
E.
Passive – Aktive
1.
Simple Present Tense
Passive : The Window is always cleaned by my sister every
morning.
Aktive : My sister
always cleans the window every morning.
2.
Simple Past tense
Passive : The Movie was watched by agung in the theatre
last night.
Aktive : agung
watched the movie in the theatre last night.
3.
Present Continuous Tense
Passive : A stawberry cake is being made by them now.
Aktive : They are
making a stawberry cake now.
4.
Past Continuous tense
Passive : Some pens were being bought by his last
morning.
Aktive : He was
buying some pens last morning.
5.
Present Perfect Tense
Passive : Some candidates have been interviewed by the
manager HRD.
Aktive : The
manager HRD has interviewed some candidates.
6.
Past Perfect Tense
Passive : A good decision had been made by carroll to
leave liverpool.
Aktive : Carroll
had made a good decision to leave liverpool.
7.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Passive : The show had been being watched by me for 3
hours.
Aktive : I had
been being watching the show for 3 hours.
8.
Present Future
Passive : The homework will be done by me.
Aktive : I will do
the homework.
9.
Past Future Perfect
Passive : That movie would have been watched by them.
Aktive : They
would have watched that movie.
10. Past Future
Continuous
Passive : The house would be being cleaned by them.
Aktive : They
would be cleaning the house.
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